Space shuttle program orbital vehicle comprising a multiple passenger bay module

ABSTRACT

The application provides a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital vehicle comprising a payload bay comprising a pressure vessel comprising a passenger bay module adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth.

This application claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 61/556,212, filed Nov. 5, 2011, incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present application relates to a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital vehicle comprising a payload bay comprising a passenger bay module adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth. In one embodiment, the application provides an embodiment of a cylindrical casing comprising the passenger bay module, a lavatory module, and service galley. In one embodiment, the application also provides a method of using the SSP Orbital Vehicle comprising the cylindrical casing comprising the passenger bay module.

BACKGROUND

The SSP was a manned orbital rocket and spacecraft system (a “SSP system”) operated by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on well over 100 missions from 1981 to 2011. The SSP combined rocket launch, orbital spacecraft, and re-entry spaceplane with modular add-ons.

The SSP system is technically sound and was built and operated at great cost to U.S. taxpayers. It would be advantageous if a commercial use could be found for the existing SSP system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the present application provides a cylindrical casing adapted to be loaded into a payload bay of a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital Vehicle.

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing is adapted to transport and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission.

In one embodiment, the application provides a SSP Orbital Vehicle comprising a payload bay loaded with the cylindrical casing.

In one embodiment, the application also provides a method of using the SSP Orbital Vehicle comprising a payload bay loaded with the cylindrical casing.

In one embodiment, the present application relates to a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital vehicle comprising a payload bay comprising a passenger bay module adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth.

In one embodiment, the application relates to a SSP Orbital vehicle comprising a payload bay comprising a pressure vessel comprising a passenger bay module adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth.

In one embodiment, the pressure vessel is adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for up to 44 passengers.

In one embodiment, the pressure vessel comprises a lavatory module.

In one embodiment, the mission is a three day mission.

In one embodiment, the passenger bay module comprises number of sleeper cabins adapted to provide privacy, each sleeper cabin comprising from one to two passenger beds.

In one embodiment, the application provides a space shuttle system adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth, the space shuttle system comprising:

-   -   a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital Vehicle comprising a         payload bay comprising a cylindrical casing comprising a         proximal end comprising an Orbital Docking System (ODS) and a         distal end comprising a lavatory module, the ODS comprising a         port adapted for exiting the SSP Orbital Vehicle;     -   a first substantially planar floor extending longitudinally from         the ODP to the lavatory module and dividing the cylindrical         casing into a first substantially semicylindrical compartment         extending to the lavatory module and a second substantially         semicylindrical compartment extending from the lavatory module         to a proximal end communicating with the ODP;     -   the first substantially semicylindrical compartment comprising a         passenger bay module wherein the first substantially planar         floor comprises a plurality of seats adapted to seat twenty or         more passengers, the passenger bay module comprising an upper         surface comprising a plurality of sleeper cabins having a size         sufficient for two persons to lay flat therein;     -   the second semicylindrical compartment being adapted to maintain         safe and habitable conditions for the twenty or more passengers         in the passenger bay module during the mission.

In one embodiment, the passenger bay module comprises five sleeper cabins extending serially longitudinally from adjacent to the ODS to adjacent to the lavatory module.

In one embodiment, the space shuttle system is adapted to maintain habitable conditions for the twenty or more passengers in the passenger bay module during a three day mission.

In one embodiment, the payload bay further comprises a service galley communicating with the passenger bay module.

In one embodiment, the ODS comprises an Orbital Docking Port (ODP) communicating with the service galley at a proximal end, the service galley extending longitudinally from the ODP to a lavatory module substantially parallel to and rotatably abutting the passenger bay module.

In one embodiment, the service galley comprises one or more of a flight attendant galley, a food and beverage preparation galley, a cargo hold, an access tunnel, one or more module subsystems, and mechanical systems.

In one embodiment, the mechanical systems comprise environmental control mechanical systems, life support systems, back up power systems, and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, the passenger bay module comprises from twenty to forty four passenger seats.

In one embodiment, the passenger bay module has a total of forty-four passenger seats.

In one embodiment, the lavatory module comprises rotatable components comprising a lavatory component, the rotatable components being adapted to communicate with the passenger bay module to permit entry of a passenger into the lavatory component, the relative rotation of the rotatable components being adapted to produce sufficient centrifugal force in a lavatory component to replicate gravity.

In one embodiment, the lavatory component comprises a lavatory drum comprising a lavatory central shaft, the lavatory drum being adapted to continuously rotate around the lavatory central shaft in a counterclockwise direction at a speed effective to replicate gravity, the lavatory drum comprising a proximal lavatory wall, a distal lavatory wall, and a circumferential lavatory wall.

In one embodiment, the lavatory module further comprises:

-   -   a relavator comprising a relavator central shaft extending         longitudinally from the relevator toward the passenger bay         module, the relevator comprising a plurality of substantially         solid pie shaped structures, the substantially solid pie shaped         structures comprising narrow internal ends communicating with         the relavator central shaft and extending to wider         circumferential relavator end surfaces, the pie shaped         structures comprising substantially planar relavator distal         surfaces, substantially planar relavator proximal surfaces, and         lateral relavator surfaces substantially perpendicular to the         substantially planar relavator distal and proximal surfaces, the         lateral relevator surfaces defining pie-shaped compartments         between the plurality of pie shaped structures, the         substantially planar distal relavator surfaces rotatably         abutting the proximal wall of the lavatory compartment, the         relavator being adapted to rotate in a counterclockwise         direction around the relavator central shaft up to the speed of         the lavatory drum upon receiving a rotate signal and to stop         upon receiving a stop signal; and,     -   a counterweight compensator comprising a compensator central         shaft extending longitudinally from the counterweight         compensator toward the passenger bay module, the counterweight         compensator being adapted to continuously rotate in a clockwise         direction around the compensator central shaft, the         counterweight compensator comprising a compensator backing and a         compensator wall defining a proximally extending compensator         cup, the compensator backing rotatably abutting the distal wall         of the lavatory drum, the compensator cup extending proximally         toward the passenger bay module and rotatably externally         abutting the circumferential wall of the lavatory and a         circumference of the relavator.

In one embodiment, the lavatory module comprises a drive shaft assembly comprising:

-   -   a stationary hollow central shaft having a distal end and a         proximal end, the stationary hollow central shaft being         concentrically nested within the compensator central shaft, the         compensator central shaft being adapted to rotate with respect         to the hollow central shaft;     -   the relavator central shaft rotatably concentrically nested         around the compensator central shaft;     -   the lavatory central shaft rotatably concentrically nested         around the relevator central shaft and within a supported         stationary cylinder having a fixed position relative to the         passenger bay module.

In one embodiment:

-   -   the distal end of the hollow central shaft is fixedly engaged         with the cylindrical casing; and,     -   the proximal end of the hollow central shaft is fixedly engaged         relative to passenger bay module; and,     -   the stationary cylinder is fixedly engaged relative to the         passenger bay module.

In one embodiment, the stationary cylinder is separately fixedly engaged relative to the passenger bay module.

In one embodiment, the service galley communicates with the passenger bay module via a second hatch in the first substantially planar floor.

In one embodiment, the first hatch and the second hatch are closed, the service galley is adapted to provide a safety zone to passengers in the service galley.

In one embodiment, the space shuttle system comprises one or more air purification systems communicating with one or more air supply ducts and one or more air return ducts communicating with the service galley and the passenger bay module.

In one embodiment, the one or more air supply ducts and the one or more air return ducts are adapted to shut off in the event of an emergency, and to recirculate air only within the service galley.

In one embodiment, the application provides a method of providing and maintaining habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers in a SSP Orbital Vehicle during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth.

In one embodiment, the method comprises:

-   -   securing twenty or more passengers in a plurality of seats in         the passenger bay module of the space shuttle system;     -   launching the SSP Orbital Vehicle while the twenty or more         passengers are secured in the passenger bay module;     -   maintaining safe and habitable conditions for twenty or more         passengers in the passenger bay module during the mission, the         mission comprising:         -   launching the SSP Orbital vehicle from a take-off site on             earth;         -   transporting the SSP Orbital vehicle and the passengers in             the passenger bay module to a location in space;         -   transporting the SSP Orbital vehicle and the passengers in             the passenger bay module back to earth; and,         -   landing the SSP Orbital vehicle with the passengers in the             passenger bay module at a landing location on earth.

In one embodiment, the method comprises securing up to 44 passengers in the passenger bay module.

In one embodiment, the mission is a three day mission.

In one embodiment, the application provides a method for adapting a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital vehicle to transport and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers and crew during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth, the method comprising loading a payload bay with a pressure vessel comprising a passenger bay module adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth.

In one embodiment, the method comprises providing the pressure vessel adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for up to 44 passengers.

In one embodiment, the method comprises providing the pressure vessel with a lavatory module.

In one embodiment, the method comprises providing the passenger bay module with a number of sleeper cabins adapted to provide privacy, each sleeper cabin comprising from one to two passenger beds.

In one embodiment, the application provides a method for adapting a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital Vehicle to transport and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth, the method comprising:

-   -   providing the SSP Orbital Vehicle comprising a payload bay;     -   loading the payload bay with a cylindrical casing comprising a         proximal end comprising an Orbital Docking System (ODS) and a         distal end comprising a lavatory module, the ODS comprising a         port adapted for exiting the SSP Orbital Vehicle;     -   providing the cylindrical casing with a first substantially         planar floor extending longitudinally from the ODP to the         lavatory module and dividing the cylindrical casing into a first         substantially semicylindrical compartment extending to a         lavatory module and a second substantially semicylindrical         compartment comprising a proximal end communicating with the         ODP;     -   adapting the first substantially semicylindrical compartment to         comprises a first substantially planar floor comprising a         plurality of seats adapted to seat twenty or more passengers,         producing a passenger bay module comprising an upper surface         comprising a plurality of sleeper cabins having a size         sufficient for two persons to lay flat therein;     -   adapting the second semicylindrical compartment to maintain safe         and habitable conditions for the twenty or more passengers in         the passenger bay module during the mission.

In one embodiment, the application provides a lavatory module comprising a lavatory drum comprising a lavatory central shaft, the lavatory drum being adapted to continuously rotate around the lavatory central shaft in a counterclockwise direction at a speed effective to replicate gravity, the lavatory drum comprising a proximal lavatory wall, a distal lavatory wall, and a circumferential lavatory wall.

In one embodiment, the lavatory module comprises:

-   -   a relavator comprising a relavator central shaft extending         longitudinally from the relavator toward the passenger bay         module, the relavator comprising a plurality of substantially         solid pie shaped structures, the substantially solid pie shaped         structures comprising narrow internal ends communicating with         the relavator central shaft and extending to wider         circumferential relavator end surfaces, the pie shaped         structures comprising substantially planar relavator distal         surfaces, substantially planar relavator proximal surfaces, and         lateral relavator surfaces substantially perpendicular to the         substantially planar relavator distal and proximal surfaces, the         lateral relavator surfaces defining pie-shaped compartments         between the plurality of pie shaped structures, the         substantially planar distal relavator surfaces rotatably         abutting the proximal wall of the lavatory compartment, the         relavator being adapted to rotate in a counterclockwise         direction around the relavator central shaft up to the speed of         the lavatory drum upon receiving a rotate signal and to stop         upon receiving a stop signal; and,     -   a counterweight compensator comprising a compensator backing and         a circumferential compensator wall communicating therewith and         extending proximally toward the passenger bay module to define a         compensator cup, the compensator cup rotatably externally         abutting the circumferential wall of the lavatory and a         circumference of the relavator, the counterweight compensator         comprising a compensator central shaft extending longitudinally         from the compensator backing toward the passenger bay module,         the counterweight compensator being adapted to continuously         rotate in a clockwise direction around the compensator central         shaft, the compensator backing rotatably abutting the distal         wall of the lavatory drum.

In one embodiment, the lavatory module comprises a drive shaft assembly comprising:

-   -   a stationary hollow central shaft having a distal end and a         proximal end, the stationary hollow central shaft being         concentrically nested within the compensator central shaft, the         compensator central shaft being adapted to rotate with respect         to the hollow central shaft;     -   the relavator central shaft rotatably concentrically nested         around the compensator central shaft;     -   the lavatory central shaft rotatably concentrically nested         around the relevator central shaft and within a supported         stationary cylinder having a fixed position relative to the         passenger bay module.

In one embodiment:

-   -   the distal end of the hollow central shaft is fixedly engaged         with the cylindrical casing; and,     -   the proximal end of the hollow central shaft is fixedly engaged         relative to passenger bay module; and,     -   the stationary cylinder is separately fixedly engaged relative         to the passenger bay module.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following Figures, like parts are referred to by like numerals:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the SSP system, with an open payload bay loaded with a cylindrical casing comprising an embodiment of a passenger bay module.

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a portion of the cylindrical casing comprising a passenger bay model and a lavatory module.

FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of the cylindrical casing enclosed in what appears as a semi-transparent shell structure.

FIG. 4 is a cross section taken along line 21-21′ of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view looking down at an embodiment of the passenger bay module.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view looking down at an embodiment of a service galley module.

FIG. 7 is a port frontal perspective schematic view of the cylindrical casing.

FIG. 8 is a port frontal perspective view of the cylindrical casing containing only the structural support.

FIG. 8 a is a perspective view of a support scaffold adapted to support the cylindrical casing in Longeron attachment mechanisms.

FIG. 9 is a cut away view of a portion of the distal end including the Environmental Control and Life Support System components and a stationary lavatory entrance zone.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the floor of the passenger bay module and the attached lavatory module.

FIG. 11 is an expanded view of the lavatory module.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a lavatory drive shaft assembly.

FIG. 13 is a chart giving the mass estimate results from Example 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present application relates to a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital vehicle comprising a payload bay comprising a passenger bay module adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth. In one embodiment, the application provides an embodiment of a cylindrical casing comprising the passenger bay module, a lavatory module, and service galley. In one embodiment, the application also provides a method of using the SSP Orbital Vehicle comprising the cylindrical casing comprising the passenger bay module.

The SSP

Upon launch, the SSP generally comprises: an SSP Orbital Vehicle; one or more recoverable rocket boosters; one or more external propellant tanks; a payload bay; and supporting infrastructure. The general structure of components of the SSP are known. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle (Ex. A, incorporated herein by reference). In one embodiment, the SSP complies with NSTS 07700, Volume I, Revision G, Dec. 17, 1997 (Ex. B, incorporated herein by reference).

The SSP Orbital Vehicle is a type of reusable winged “space-plane.” In one embodiment, the SSP Orbital Vehicle resembles a conventional aircraft. In one embodiment, the SSP Orbital Vehicle carries crews and payloads into low Earth orbit. In one embodiment, the SSP Orbital Vehicle is adapted to safely re-enter the earth's atmosphere. In one embodiment, the SSP Orbital Vehicle is adapted to land safely at a location on earth.

In one embodiment, the SSP Orbital Vehicle is adapted to land as a glider. A glider is a heavier-than-air craft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces. Free flight of a glider does not depend on an engine.

The Payload Bay

Referring to FIG. 1, the SSP Orbital Vehicle 2 comprises a fuselage 3 comprising a payload bay 7. As seen in FIG. 1, the SSP Orbital Vehicle generally comprises an opening through the top of the SSP Orbital Vehicle 2 for loading the payload bay 7. In one embodiment, the SSP Orbital Vehicle 2 comprises opposed hinged doors 4, 6 that open to load the payload bay 7.

The Cylindrical Casing

In one embodiment, the present application provides a cylindrical casing adapted to be loaded into a payload bay of a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital Vehicle. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing is adapted to transport and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing is loaded into a SSP Orbital Vehicle. In one embodiment, the application provides a method of using the SSP Orbital Vehicle comprising a payload bay loaded with the cylindrical casing.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the cylindrical casing 59 comprises any strong, lightweight, flexible metal, combination of metals, or carbon composite material, capable of withstanding substantial pressure. In one embodiment the cylindrical casing 59 comprises a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, a blend of aluminum-lithium, and carbon composite. Suitable cylindrical casings include, for example, pressure vessels. Suitable pressure vessels are commercially available from a variety of sources, for example, Amalga Composite, Inc. of West Allis, Wis. and Lockheed Martin of New Orleans, La. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 59 comprises 23 pieces of aluminum-lithium, commercially machined by AAR Precision Systems of Huntsville, Ala. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 59 is welded by Lockheed Martin of New Orleans, La.

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 comprises an Orbital Docking Port System (ODS) comprising one or more orbital docking port (ODP) at a proximal end, a lavatory module at a distal end, and a passenger bay module extending between the ODP and the lavatory module. In one embodiment, the ODS comprises interface connections adapted to mate with receiving connections at the International Space Station. In one embodiment, the ODP provides a pathway for passengers to pass from the SSP Orbital Vehicle and to the International Space Station. Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment, the application provides a cylindrical casing 8 adapted to be loaded into the payload bay 7. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 2, the cylindrical casing 8 comprises a passenger bay module 10, a service galley module 30, an Orbital Docking Structure (ODS) (40 in FIG. 3) comprising one or more Orbital Docking Ports (ODP) (66 in FIG. 4), and a lavatory module 20.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the cylindrical casing 8 comprises a plurality of external attachment trunnions. In one embodiment, the external attachment trunnions meet the specifications in the Shuttle Orbiter/Cargo Standard Interfaces (CORE), ICD-2-19001, Revision L, prepared by Boeing North American, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference). In one embodiment, the dimensions of the external attachment trunnions are adapted to mate with the Longeron attachment mechanisms in the payload bay 7. Longeron attachment mechanisms are depicted in Ex. C at 3C-15 through 3C-17.

The external attachment trunnions may be made of a variety of metals or carbon composites. Examples of suitable metals include aluminum, a blend of aluminum and lithium, titanium, or carbon composite. In one embodiment, the external trunnions comprise a blend of aluminum and lithium. Suitable Al—Li is available from Alcoa, Davenport, Iowa.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the cylindrical casing 8 comprises a first lateral attachment trunnion 60 and a second lateral attachment trunnion 62. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the first attachment trunnion 60 and second attachment trunnion 62 are diametrically opposed to one another along the outer circumference of the cylindrical casing 8. In other words, referring to FIG. 4, a line (a) drawn from the first attachment trunnion 60 to the second attachment trunnion 62 represents the diameter of the cylindrical casing 8. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 comprises two attachment trunnions on each side of the cylindrical casing. This embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 7, in which attachment trunnions 62 a and 62 b (FIG. 7) are visible on one side of the cylindrical casing 8.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 8 a, the external lateral attachment trunnions 62 a, 62 b (FIG. 8, opposed lateral side not shown) communicate with a scaffold 312. In one embodiment, all of the lateral external attachment trunnions communicate with a scaffold support 312 comprising scaffold beams 314 a-c. In one embodiment, the scaffold beams 314 a-c form a first isosceles triangle. In one embodiment, first side beams 314 a and 314 b communicate at a 90° angle to form an apex communicating with the external attachment trunnions 62 a, 62 b. In one embodiment, opposed ends of first side beams 314 a and 314 b communicate with a first hypotenuse beam 314 c. In one embodiment, the scaffold support 312 comprises a nested scaffold support 316. In one embodiment, the nested scaffold support 316 comprises nested scaffold beams 316 a-c forming a second isosceles triangle. In one embodiment, nested side beams 316 a and 316 b communicate at a 90° angle to form an apex 316 d communicating at a midpoint with the first hypotenuse beam 314 c. In one embodiment, opposed ends of second side beams 316 a and 316 b communicate with a second hypotenuse beam 316 c. In one embodiment, the support scaffold 312 also comprises a plurality of lower retainers 318.

In one embodiment, the lower retainers comprise two beams 318 and 318 b extending from an apex 318 c to form a third 90° angle. In one embodiment, opposed ends 318 d of the two beams 318 a, 318 b abut the sheet structure (described below).

In one embodiment, depicted in FIG. 4, the cylindrical casing 8 further comprises one or more keel trunnion 64. In one embodiment, one or more keel trunnions 64 are radially displaced at an angle of approximately 90° from the first attachment trunnion 60 and the second attachment trunnion 62. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing comprises two keel trunnion 64 a and 64 b spaced apart along the bottom of the cylindrical casing 8. The keel trunnions 64 a and b are adapted to mate with corresponding structure in the payload bay 7. In one embodiment, the keel trunnions 64 a and 64 b are adapted to mate with corresponding Longeron attachment mechanisms.

In one embodiment, the attachment to the passenger bay is passive. In one embodiment, the attachment to the passenger bay is active. In the active embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 is removable and/or deployable to another location. For example, the cylindrical casing 8 may be removed and placed in the International Space Station for a period of time. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing may be removed and installed in another SSP Orbital Vehicle. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing may be removed and attached to a Space Tug. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing may be removed and attached to a booster rocket. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing meets the specifications of CORE Section 4.2 Crew Module and Payload Habitable Volumes.

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing may be removed and placed in a vehicle other than an SSP Orbital Vehicle. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing may be removed and placed in a base on a distant planet. In the active embodiment, the mission may be longer than 14 days, depending on life support and other amenities available at the deployment location.

The Shell Structure

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing is encased in a shell structure adapted to provide a pressure and thermal barrier between the or more passengers. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 is encased in a shell structure adapted to prevent penetration of micrometeorites into the cylindrical casing 8. In one embodiment, shell structure prevents atomic oxygen from degrading the space facing radiant properties. In one embodiment, the shell structure reduces the conductive flow of heat across the shell structure. In one embodiment, the shell structure provides a path for return air. In one embodiment, the return air acts as a working fluid for thermal control.

The thickness of the shell structure may vary with the dimensions of the other components of the cylindrical casing. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing combined with the shell structure has a combined outer diameter that fits in the payload bay. In one embodiment, the combined outer diameter of the cylindrical casing together with the shell structure is 86 inches.

In one embodiment, the shell structure is a layered structure. In one embodiment, the shell structure comprises three layers. In one embodiment, the total thickness of the shell structure is 3 inches. In one embodiment, the total thickness of the shell structure is about 3 inches or less. In one embodiment, the total thickness of the shell structure is less than 3 inches. In one embodiment, the total thickness of the shell structure is: about 2 inches or less; about 1.8 inches or less; about 1.6 inches or less; about 1.4 inches or less; about 1.2 inches or less. In one embodiment, the total thickness of the shell structure is about 1 inch or less. In one embodiment, the total thickness of the shell structure is 1 inch.

In one embodiment, the shell structure comprises an outer layer of fire resistant material. In one embodiment, the outer layer is a layer of beta cloth. Beta cloth comprises is a fireproof cloth made of fine woven silica fiber, similar to fiberglass. Beta cloth melts only at temperatures exceeding 650° C. In one embodiment, the betacloth is coated with Teflon™ to reduce its tendency to crease or tear when manipulated, and to increase durability. Beta cloth is commercially available from Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics of Merrimack, N.H. doing business as Chemfab. In one embodiment, beta cloth is a fiberglass woven cloth impregnated with PTFE Teflon and contains no silicon to protect against atomic oxygen degradation. In one embodiment the outer layer has a thickness of: from about 0.1 to about 2 inches; about 0.2 inches or more; about 0.4 inches or more; about 0.6 inches or more; about 0.8 inches or more; 1 inch or more. In one embodiment, the outer layer has a thickness of about 1 inch. In one embodiment, the outer layer has a thickness of 1 inch. In one embodiment, the outer layer has a thickness of 1 inch or less.

In one embodiment, the shell structure comprises a middle layer comprising one or more lightweight, flexible metal sheet. In one embodiment, the lightweight, flexible metal sheet comprises one or more of the following materials: aluminum, lithium, and a blend thereof. In one embodiment the lightweight, flexible metal sheet comprises an Al—Li blend. Suitable Al—Li flexible metal sheets are commercially from Alcoa, Davenport, Iowa. In one embodiment the middle layer has a thickness of: from about 0.1 to about 2 inches; about 0.2 inches or more; about 0.4 inches or more; about 0.6 inches or more; about 0.8 inches or more; 1 inch or more. In one embodiment, the middle layer has a thickness of about 1 inch. In one embodiment, the middle layer has a thickness of 1 inch. In one embodiment, the middle layer has a thickness of 1 inch or less.

In one embodiment, the shell structure comprises an inner layer of insulation material. In one embodiment, the insulation material comprises one or more of the following materials: fiberglass, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, polyisocyanurate, and vacuum insulated panel. In one embodiment, the insulation material is fiberglass. Suitable fiberglass insulation materials are available from a variety of commercial sources. In one embodiment, the insulation material is fiberglass sheet material, commercially available as FIBERGLAS 700 Series, from Owens Corning of Toledo, Ohio. In one embodiment the inner layer has a thickness of: from about 0.1 to about 2 inches; about 0.2 inches or more; about 0.4 inches or more; about 0.6 inches or more; about 0.8 inches or more; 1 inch or more. In one embodiment, the inner layer has a thickness of about 1 inch. In one embodiment, the inner layer has a thickness of 1 inch. In one embodiment, the inner layer has a thickness of 1 inch or less.

The Passenger Bay Module

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 comprises a passenger bay module.

In one embodiment, the passenger bay module is adapted to transport and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission. In one embodiment, the payload bay is adapted to transport and maintain habitable conditions for thirty or more passengers during a mission. In one embodiment, the payload bay is adapted to transport and maintain habitable conditions for forty or more passengers during a mission. In one embodiment, the payload bay is adapted to transport and maintain habitable conditions for forty four passengers during a mission.

In one embodiment, the mission has a duration of: 30 days or less; 20 days or less; 14 days or less; 13 days or less; 12 days or less; 11 days or less; 10 days or less; 9 days or less; 8 days or less; 7 days or less; 6 days or less; 5 days or less; 4 days or less; or 3 days or less. In one embodiment, the mission has a duration of 2 days or more.

In one embodiment, the mission has a duration of 3 days. Referring to FIG. 2, the interior of the cylindrical casing 8 may have a variety of configurations. In the embodiment schematically represented in FIG. 2, the cylindrical casing encloses an upper passenger bay module 10, a rear lavatory module 20. and a service galley module 30 located below the passenger bay module 10. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 3, the passenger bay module 10 extends within the cylindrical casing from the lavatory compartment 20 to the ODS 40. In one embodiment, the passenger bay module comprises at a proximal end the ODS 40.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the passenger bay module comprises a first substantially planar floor 50 extending from one side 51 of the cylindrical casing 53 to an opposed side 52 of the cylindrical casing 53. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the first substantially planar floor 50 is separated from and substantially parallel to the line (a) drawn between the first attachment trunnion 60 and the second attachment trunnion 62 in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 3, the first substantially planar floor 50 extends longitudinally from an abutting face of the ODS 40 to an abutting face of the lavatory module 20. In one embodiment, the first substantially planar floor 50 extends longitudinally from a bulkhead adjacent to an abutting face of the ODS 40 to a bulkhead adjacent to an abutting face of the lavatory module 20. In one embodiment, the first substantially planar floor 50 divides the cylindrical casing 8 into a first substantially semicylindrical compartment and a second substantially semicylindrical compartment.

The first substantially planar floor 50 may be made of a variety of materials. Suitable materials include, for example, aluminum, aluminum-lithium, carbon-epoxy composite, plastic, and wood. In one embodiment, the first substantially planar floor 50 comprises a blend of aluminum and lithium. In one embodiment, the first substantially planar floor 50 is 2190 Aluminum Lithium, commercially available from Alcoa, Davenport, Iowa. In one embodiment, the substantially planar floor 50 comprises an upper surface comprising carpet or other floor covering.

In one embodiment, the substantially planar floor 50 is welded to the interior of the cylindrical casing 8. When welding is referred to herein, the welding may be variable polarity plasma welding, friction stir welding, and/or fusion arch welding. In one embodiment, variable polarity plasma welding is used to weld the substantially planar floor to the interior of the cylindrical casing. In one embodiment, the welding is commercially available from Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Rexburg, Id. In one embodiment, the weld is purged on both sides with argon and helium. In one embodiment, the weld comprises a filler metal. In one embodiment, the filler metal is derived from a welding rod comprising any suitable welding metal. In one embodiment, the filler metal comprises aluminum. In one embodiment, the welding rod is a 4043 aluminum welding rod. In one embodiment, the resulting welds pass x-ray tests and level three fluorescent dye penetration tests.

In one embodiment, the first substantially planar floor 50 is supported by a plurality of longitudinally extending support beams. The longitudinally extending support beams may have any suitable structure. In one embodiment, the longitudinally extending support beams are “I-beams,” which are shaped like the letter “I.”

In one embodiment, the first substantially planar floor 50 has a width of 174 inches. In one embodiment, the first substantially planar floor 50 is supported from beneath by four longitudinally extending I-beams 55 a-55 d. In one embodiment, the longitudinally extending I-beams abut the first substantially planar floor 50 and extend longitudinally from a wall of the ODS 40 to the lavatory module 20. In one embodiment, the longitudinally extending I-beams abut the first substantially planar floor 50 and extend longitudinally from a bulkhead 78 adjacent to the ODS 40 to a bulkhead 76 adjacent to the lavatory module 20.

Referring to FIG. 8, a suitable I-beam support structure is depicted as comprising the four longitudinally extending I-beams 55 a-55 d and the longitudinally extending keel I-beam 65. In addition, the support structure also comprises a plurality of support arches.

In one embodiment, the support structure comprises one or more proximal support arches. In one embodiment, the support structure comprises one proximal support arch 300. In one embodiment, second beams 300 a, 300 b are welded to a first beam 300 d, which perpendicularly intersects and is welded to the proximal I-beams 55 a-55 d. The second beams 300 a, 300 b extend substantially parallel to one another from the first beam 300 d to distal ends welded to the interior surface of the cylindrical casing. In one embodiment, the proximal ends of the substantially parallel beams 300 a, 300 b intersect the first beam 300 d at I-beams 55 b and 55 c, respectively. In one embodiment, a rounded arch beam 300 c extends between distal ends of the substantially parallel beams 300 a, 300 b. In one embodiment, the rounded arch beam 300 c, runs adjacent to the cylindrical casing 8. In one embodiment, the rounded arch beam 300 c is welded to an interior surface of the cylindrical casing 8. In one embodiment, the rounded arch beam 300 c intersects and is welded to the keel I-beam 65.

In one embodiment, the support structure comprises one or more aft support arches. In one embodiment, the support structure comprises a plurality of aft support arches 302 and 304. In one embodiment, the support structure comprises two aft support arches 302 and 304 having similar structure. In one embodiment, referring to aft support arch 302, the arch comprises a first beam 302 d perpendicularly intersecting and welded to the I-beams 55 a-55 d. In one embodiment, substantially parallel beams 302 a, 302 b of the support arch are welded to the first beam 302 d and extend substantially parallel to one another from the first beam 302 d to distal ends welded to the interior surface of the cylindrical casing 8. In one embodiment, the proximal ends of the substantially parallel beams 300 a, 300 b intersect the first beam 300 at I-beams 55 b and 55 c, respectively. In one embodiment, a rounded arch beam 300 c extends between distal ends of the substantially parallel beams 300 a, 300 b. In one embodiment, the rounded arch beam 300 c, runs adjacent to the cylindrical casing 8. In one embodiment, the rounded arch beam 300 c is welded to an interior surface of the cylindrical casing 8. In one embodiment, the rounded arch beam 300 c intersects and is welded to the keel I-beam 65. In one embodiment, the proximal and aft support structures meet the specifications of Ex. C, Section 3.3.1 of the CORE Orbiter/Payload Structural Attachments. In one embodiment, according to the Orbiter Coordinate System (OCS), the forward connection is at x_(o)=774 in. In one embodiment, the aft connections are at x_(o)=1171.27 in.

The I-beams may be made of a variety of materials. Examples of such materials include carbon-epoxy composite, titanium, aluminum-lithium, and aluminum. In one embodiment, the I-beams are aluminum I-beams. Suitable aluminum 1-beams are commercially available from American Aluminum Extrusion (AAE) of Beloit, Wis. In one embodiment, the aluminum I-beams have a depth of 6.0 inches, a flange width of 4.0 inches, a web thickness of 0.210 inches, a flange thickness of 0.350, and a weight of 4.690 pounds per foot. In one embodiment, the aluminum I-beams are made 6061-T6 aluminum alloy.

In one embodiment, the passenger bay module 10 comfortably seats a plurality of passengers. In one embodiment, the passenger bay module comprises seats for from about 5 to about 44 passengers. In various embodiments, the passenger bay module comprises seats for: 5 passengers or more; 10 passengers or more; 15 passengers or more; 20 passengers or more; 25 passengers or more; 30 passengers or more; 35 passengers or more; 40 passengers or more; 44 passengers or more. In one embodiment, the passenger bay module seats 44 passengers.

In one embodiment, the seats in the passenger bay module 10 are upright. In one embodiment, the seats in the passenger bay module comprising a reclining mechanism. In one embodiment, one or more of the passenger bay seats recline to become substantially flat. In one embodiment, all of the passenger bay seats recline to become a substantially flat. The seats may be obtained from any Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved supplier. In one embodiment, the seats are obtained from Weber Aircraft, LLC, Gainesville, Tex.

Referring to FIG. 3, the seating arrangement in the passenger bay module 10 may have a variety of configurations. In the depicted embodiment, the passenger bay comprises three separate rows of seats. In one embodiment, side rows 12 and 14 extend longitudinally from the ODS 40 to the lavatory compartment 20 along opposite sides of the cylindrical casing 8. As seen in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, each side row 12, 14 comprises two seats, an aisle seat 18 and a wall seat 19. In one embodiment, a center row 16 of seats extends longitudinally from the ODS 40 to near the lavatory compartment 20 between the side rows. In one embodiment, the center row 16 comprises a row of single seats. In one embodiment, the center row 16 is separated from the side rows 12 and 14 by a distance of 15 inches.

As seen in FIG. 3, in one embodiment, the center row 16 comprises a single row of eight seats 17 extending from adjacent to the ODS 40 to a distance spaced from the lavatory module 20. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 5, the floor adjacent to the lavatory module 20 comprises a hatch 80 sealingly engageable with a port (not shown). In one embodiment, the hatch opens to permit a person to descend to a service galley module 30 located below the substantially planar floor 50.

In one embodiment, the maximum inner diameter (width) of the passenger bay module is 174 inches. This inner diameter is nearly that of a Boeing 767 airliner, at 186 inches. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the first substantially planar floor 50 has a width (82) of 14 ft. 3 in. In one embodiment, the passenger bay module 10 has a broadest inner diameter at (84) of 14 ft. 6 in. In one embodiment, the passenger bay module covered by the shell structure 63 has an outer diameter at (86) of 15 ft.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the outer length at 88 of the passenger bay module 10, covered by the shell structure 63, is 49 ft. 6 in. In one embodiment, the inner length 90, from the ODP 40 to the lavatory module, is 49 in. In one embodiment, the lavatory module has a length (94) of 3 ft. 6 in.

The seats may have a variety of sizes and configurations. In one embodiment, for maximum space usage and comfort, each seat is situated within a space having a dimension of 3 ft by 5 ft.

The seats may be provided with a variety of amenities. In one embodiment, the seats are provided with one or more seatbelts. In one embodiment, the seats are provided with 4-point harness seatbelts. In one embodiment seats are provided with an overhead harness to facilitate ingress and egress. In one embodiment, the seats are provided with arm rests. In one embodiment, the arm rests are provided with cupholders. In one embodiment, the seats are provided with trays for meals. In one embodiment, the trays are retractable trays. In one embodiment, the retractable trays are retractable into the arm rest. In one embodiment, each seat is provided with a storage compartment. In one embodiment, each seat is provided with an in-seat entertainment system. In one embodiment, the seats are provided with one or more additional amenities.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 7, an upper surface 200 of the passenger bay module 10 comprises a plurality of sleeper cabins 202. In one embodiment, from 1 to 5 sleeper cabins are provided. In one embodiment, the sleeper cabins are enclosed units that provide privacy. In one embodiment, the sleeper cabins 202 comprise the amenities provided for other seats located on the first substantially planar floor 50. In one embodiment, the sleeper cabins 202 comprise upgraded amenities, for example, a DVD player or video game player, a hair dryer, and the like. In one embodiment, the sleeper cabins comprise a flat bed. In one embodiment, 5 sleeper cabins 202 are provided. In one embodiment, the sleeper cabins 202 have a length (203) of about 7.25 feet, a width (204) of about 5 feet and a height (206) of about 3 feet. In one embodiment, the sleeper modules are available at a higher price than other seats in the passenger bay module. In one embodiment, the availability of the sleeper modules, together with the number of total passengers and the number of flights run, renders operation in accordance of the SPP Orbital Vehicle as described herein financially feasible.

Power System

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 is provided with a power system. In one embodiment, the power system electronically communicates with the Space Shuttle Electrical Power Distribution and Control (EPDC) subsystem. In one embodiment, the power system comprises one or more battery power storage unit. In one embodiment, the power system comprises one or more lithium iron batteries. Suitable battery power storage units are commercially available from a variety of sources. In one embodiment, the battery power storage units are lithium iron batteries, commercially available from European Batteries of Tuusula, Finland.

For relatively short missions, the EPDC and the battery power storage unit(s) may be sufficient to meet power needs during the mission. In one embodiment, the SSP system is provided with supplemental externally mounted solar panels. In one embodiment, the solar panels also communicate with the EPDC system and augment the EPDC system, as needed.

In one embodiment, an electrical power interface is provided connecting the payload bay to the passenger bay module 10. In one embodiment, the electrical power interface is any suitable plug and cable/wire system. In one embodiment, the power system draws a possible 2600 Watts of power from the Space Shuttle as specified by CORE Section 7.0 Electrical Power Interfaces.

The Service Galley Module

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the second substantially semicylindrical compartment is a service galley module 30. In one embodiment, the service galley module 30 communicates at a proximal end with the ODS 40. In one embodiment, the proximal end of the service galley module 30 communicates with the ODP, a port 66 extending from the ODS 40 into the service galley module 30.

In one embodiment, the service galley module 30 comprises a second substantially planar floor 57 spaced apart from and substantially parallel to the first substantially planar floor 50. In one embodiment, the distance between the second substantially planar floor 57 and the first substantially planar floor 50 is 5 feet 9.25 inch. In one embodiment, one or more longitudinally extending support structures 65 support the second substantially planar floor 57. In one embodiment, the one or more longitudinally extending support structure 65 is an I-beam. In one embodiment, the longitudinally extending support structure 65 is an aluminum I-beam.

In one embodiment, the service galley module 30 comprises a plurality of galleys accessible from a central access tunnel 67. In one embodiment, the galleys are separated by a plurality of bulkheads. In one embodiment, an initial bulkhead 74 a is spaced approximately 10 feet from the ODP. In one embodiment, a second bulkhead 74 b is spaced approximately 10 feet from the initial bulkhead 74 a; a third bulkhead 74 c is spaced approximately 10 feet from second bulkhead 74 b; and, a fourth bulkhead 74 d is spaced approximately 10 feet from third bulkhead 74 c. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 7, from 8 to 9 bulkheads 74 are spaced from the ODP 66 to the lavatory module 20. In one embodiment, a distal bulkhead 76 is located adjacent to the lavatory module 20. In one embodiment, the service galley module 30 abuts the lavatory module 20. In one embodiment, the service galley module 30 abuts the distal bulkhead 76 located adjacent to the lavatory module 20. The bulkheads also are seen in FIG. 7.

In one embodiment, the bulkheads separate one or more of the following galleys: a flight attendant galley; a pantry galley; a cargo galley; a life support galley; a storage galley; a fire detection and prevention galley; a module subsystem galley; and, a mechanical system galley. In one embodiment, the service galley module 30 comprises compartments comprising one or more of the following: a power system; a thermal control system; and, a backup system. In one embodiment, the service galley module 30 comprises one or more the following: a power system; a thermal control system; a backup system, and a combination of all of the foregoing.

In one embodiment, the service galley module 30 comprises combinations of the foregoing galleys. In one embodiment, depicted in FIG. 4, the service galley module 30 comprises the following galleys spaced longitudinally along a first side 77 of the service galley module 30, in order from the ODP 66: a life support galley 100; a fire detection and prevention galley 102; a cargo galley 104; a pantry galley 106; and a storage galley 108. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6, the following aisle of galleys are spaced longitudinally along an opposed side 79 of the service galley module 30, in order from the ODP 66: a power system and thermal control galley 110; a backup systems galley 112; a cargo galley 114; the remainder of the pantry galley 116; and, a storage galley 118.

In one embodiment, the pantry galley provides one or more of the following: counters; heating appliances; water supply; disposal stations; and other galleys helpful in providing and serving meals and drinks, including water. In one embodiment, the pantry galley comprises one or more microwave oven. In one embodiment, the pantry galley communicates with one or more water supply.

In one embodiment, the hatch 80 (FIG. 5) and the ODP 66 (FIG. 6) comprise hatches that, when closed, provide an airtight seal. In one embodiment, the service galley module 30 provides a safe zone during an emergency or unforeseen event requiring additional protection of passengers. Such events might include, for example, an unknown approaching object and/or a solar flare. In one embodiment, the port 66 communicates with the service galley module 30 and may be sealed off. In one embodiment, the port 66 comprise external threaded grooves. In one embodiment, the port 66 is adapted to engage a hatch (not shown) comprising internal threaded grooves adapted to mate with the external threaded groves on the port 66. Suitable hatches are commercially available from a variety of sources, including Westmore Engineering Ltd. of Northumberland, United Kingdom.

The Lavatory Module

In one embodiment, the passenger bay module 10 is provided with a rotating lavatory module 20. In one embodiment, the distal end of the passenger bay module 10 abuts a rotating lavatory module 20.

The rotating lavatory module 20 may have a variety of configurations. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 11, the lavatory module 20 comprises a relavator 600, a lavatory component 700, and a counterweight compensator 800 comprising a central shaft 810.

The lavatory component 700 rotates around the central shaft 810 in a first direction. The counterweight compensator 800 rotates around the central shaft in a direction opposite to the lavatory component 700. In one embodiment, the lavatory component 700 rotates around the central shaft in a counterclockwise direction and the counterweight compensator 800 rotates around the central shaft in a clockwise direction.

In one embodiment, the relavator 600 rotates around the central shaft in the first direction. In one embodiment, the relavator 600 rotates intermittently around the central shaft in the first direction. In one embodiment, the relavator 600 rotates intermittently around the central shaft in a counterclockwise direction.

In one embodiment, the lavatory component 700 comprises a lavatory central shaft 620. In one embodiment, the lavatory component 700 is adapted to rotate around the lavatory central shaft 620 in a first direction at a speed effective to produce a centrifugal force that replicates gravity. In one embodiment, the lavatory component 700 comprises a proximal lavatory wall, a distal lavatory wall, and a circumferential lavatory wall.

In one embodiment, the relavator 600 comprises a relavator central shaft 620. In one embodiment, the relavator central shaft 620 extends longitudinally from the relavator 600 toward the passenger bay module. In one embodiment, the relavator 600 comprise a plurality of pie shaped structures 610 a, 610 b. In one embodiment, one or more of the pie shaped structures 610 a, 610 b is not solid. In one embodiment, one or more of the pie shaped structures 610 a, 610 b is solid. In one embodiment, all of the pie shaped structures 610 a, 610 b are solid.

In one embodiment, the pie shaped structures 610 a, 610 b comprise narrower internal ends in communication with the relavator central shaft 620. In one embodiment, the narrower internal ends extend to wider circumferential relavator end surfaces 622 a, 622 b. In one embodiment, the pie shaped structures comprise a substantially planar relavator distal surface (not shown). In one embodiment, the pie shaped structures comprise substantially planar relavator proximal surfaces 624 a, 624 b. In one embodiment, the pie shaped structures comprise lateral relavator surfaces 626 a, 626 b.

In one embodiment, the pie shaped structures comprise a combination of substantially planar relavator distal surfaces (not shown), substantially planar relevator proximal surfaces 624 a, 624 b, and lateral relevator surfaces 626 a, 626 b.

In one embodiment, the lateral relavator surfaces communicate with the substantially planar relavator distal surfaces (not shown) and the substantially planar relevator proximal surfaces 624 a, 624 b. In one embodiment, the lateral relevator surfaces are substantially perpendicular to the substantially planar relavator distal surfaces (not shown). In one embodiment, the lateral relavator surfaces are substantially perpendicular to the relavator proximal surfaces 624 a, 624 b. In one embodiment, the lateral relavator surfaces are substantially perpendicular to both the substantially planar relavator distal surface (not shown) and to the relavator proximal surface 624 a, 624 b.

In one embodiment, the lateral relavator surfaces 626 a, 626 b define one or more “open” pie-shaped compartments between adjacent pie shaped structures. The open pie-shaped compartments may be substantially empty, or may be fitted to ease entry of a passenger into the lavatory compartment 700. For example, the open pie-shaped compartments may be fitted with a substantially flat floor. In one embodiment, a substantially flat floor runs adjacent to the circumference. In one embodiment, one or more of the open pie-shaped compartments is fitted with an entry structure into the lavatory compartment. In one embodiment, one or more of the open pie-shaped structures is fitted with a “door.” In one embodiment, the open pie-shaped compartments are empty.

In one embodiment, the substantially planar distal relavator surfaces (not shown) rotatably abut a proximal wall of the lavatory compartment (not shown). In one embodiment, the relavator 600 is adapted to rotate in the first direction around a line extending longitudinally through the relavator central shaft. In one embodiment, the relavator 600 is adapted to rotate in the first direction around a line extending longitudinally through the relevator central shaft 620 after receiving a rotate signal. In one embodiment. the relavator 600 is adapted to stop rotating around the line extending longitudinally through the relevator central shaft 620 after receiving a stop signal. In one embodiment, the relavator 600 is adapted to rotate around the line extending longitudinally through the relavator central shaft 620 in the first direction up to the speed of rotation of the lavatory compartment 700 around the same line, which also extends through the central shaft.

In one embodiment, the counterweight compensator 800 comprises a compensator central shaft 810. In one embodiment, the compensator central shaft 810 extends longitudinally from a counterweight compensator backing 814 toward the passenger bay module 10. In one embodiment, the counterweight compensator is adapted to rotate around the compensator central shaft 810 in a direction opposite the first direction. In one embodiment, a circumferential compensator wall extends from the compensator backing 814 to define a proximally extending compensator cup 812.

In this embodiment, upon assembly, the compensator backing 814 rotatably abuts the distal wall 710 b of the lavatory component. In one embodiment, the compensator cup 812, defined by the compensator circumferential wall 812, extends proximally toward the passenger bay module 10. In one embodiment, the compensator cup 812 rotatably externally abuts the circumferential wall 742 of the lavatory component 700. In one embodiment, the compensator cup 812 rotatably externally abuts a circumference of the relavator, which includes the circumferential relavator end surfaces 622 a, 622 b.

In one embodiment, the lavatory 700 rotates at a speed effective to produce sufficient centrifugal force in the lavatory component to replicate gravity around a circumference of the laboratory component. In one embodiment, the counterweight compensator 800 rotates around the lavatory 700 at a speed effective to maintain a zero moment of inertia of the entire system.

In one embodiment, the mass of counterweight compensator 800 is less than the mass of the lavatory component 700 but the counterweight compensator rotates faster than the lavatory component 700 to maintain the zero moment of inertia of the entire system.

In one embodiment, the lavatory component 700 rotates in the first direction at a speed effective to replicate gravity. In one embodiment, the lavatory component 700 rotates in the first direction at a speed of from about 6 to about 47 rpm. In one embodiment, the counterweight compensator 800 has a mass less than the lavatory component 700 and the counterweight compensator 800 rotates in a direction opposite the first direction at a greater speed than the speed of the lavatory component 700.

Knowing the mass of lavatory component 700 and the counterweight compensator 800, persons of ordinary skill in the art are able to calculate appropriate rotation speeds to maintain a zero moment of inertia of the entire system. In one embodiment, the lavatory 700 rotates in the first direction at a speed of 20 revolutions per minute and the counterweight compensator rotates in a direction opposite the first direction at a speed of 26.67 revolutions per minute. In one embodiment, the lavatory 700 rotates counterclockwise at a speed of 20 revolutions per minute and the counterweight compensator rotates clockwise at a speed of 26.67 revolutions per minute.

In one embodiment, a drive shaft assembly 900 (FIG. 12) controls the relative rotation of the components of the lavatory module 20. In one embodiment, mechanical drive connections are provided by a flexible belt to efficiently transmit the rotational power between the electric motor and one of the rotatable shafts. In one embodiment, electric motors (not shown) located in the service galley provide the power to drive the relative rotation. Suitable electric motors are commercially available from a variety of sources. In one embodiment, the mechanical drive connections are provided by a set of gears working in tandem as a transmission to efficiently control the rotation of one of the rotatable shafts. In one embodiment the mechanical drive connections are provide by a set of gears working in tandem as a transmission to efficiently control the rotation of all the rotatable shafts.

In one embodiment, the drive shaft assembly 900 comprises a stationary hollow central shaft 940. In one embodiment, the compensator central shaft 810, the relavator central shaft 620, and the lavatory central shaft 720 extend at approximately a 90° angle from a back wall of the counterweight compensator 800 longitudinally toward the passenger bay module 10.

In one embodiment, the central shafts 720, 620 and 810 have a concentrically rotatable orientation around the stationary hollow central shaft 940. In one embodiment, the lavatory central shaft 720 has a greatest diameter. In one embodiment, the relavator central shaft 620 fits concentrically and rotatably within the lavatory central shaft 720. In one embodiment, the compensator central shaft 810 fits concentrically and rotatably within the relavator central shaft 620. In one embodiment, the stationary hollow central shaft 940 fits concentrically within the compensator central shaft 810. In one embodiment, ball bearings are provided in appropriate locations between the shafts in the drive shaft assembly to permit the load bearing relative rotation between the shafts. Suitable ball bearings are available from a variety of commercial sources. In one embodiment, the ball bearings are rolling element bearings, commercially available form RBC Bearings International of Oxford, Conn. In one embodiment, the ball bearings are aerospace plain spherical bearings that have a thin section. In one embodiment, the ball bearings have an unfixed outer and inner ring. In one embodiment, the ball bearings have an inner fixed ring. In one embodiment, the ball bearings have an outer fixed ring.

In one embodiment, a distal end 942 of the stationary hollow central shaft 940 engages with the interior of the cylindrical casing 8. The engagement may be any suitable stationary engagement, for example, a threaded screw engagement, a bayonet engagement, a welded engagement, or other stationary connection. In one embodiment, the distal end 942 of the stationary hollow central shaft 940 comprises a bayonet connector that engages with a receiving bayonet connector at a distal interior surface 820 (FIG. 8) of the cylindrical casing 8. In one embodiment, the distal end 942 of the hollow central shaft 940 extends through and behind the compensator central shaft 810.

In one embodiment, main structure connections 910, 910 b are provided to stabilize a proximal end of the drive shaft. The main structure connections 910 a, 910 b may have a variety of geometrical configurations adapted to provide stability to the lavatory module 20. In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the main structure connections 910 a, 910 b comprise I-beams welded together to form an isosceles triangular support comprising an apex 937, 950 where the two equal sides 913, 915 and 918, 920 form a 90° angle of an isosceles triangle. In one embodiment, the hypotenuse of the isosceles triangle comprises lower edges 914, 916. In one embodiment, two equal sides 913, 915 and 918, 920 of the isosceles triangles extend from the respective port and starboard ends of the lower edge 914, 916 to the respective apex 937, 950.

In one embodiment, a proximal support 910 b and a distal support 910 a are provided. Referring to FIG. 12, in one embodiment, a lower edge 916 of the distal support 910 b abuts and is welded to the substantially planar floor 50. In one embodiment, the lower edge 914 of the proximal support 910 b runs substantially parallel to a distal face of the hatch 80.

In one embodiment, a proximal end 937 of the stationary hollow central shaft 940 is engaged at an apex of the proximal support 910 b (FIGS. 10 and 12). The engagement may be any suitable stationary engagement, for example, a threaded screw engagement, a bayonet engagement, a welded engagement, or other stationary connection. In one embodiment, the engagement at the proximal end 937 is a welded engagement.

The lavatory central shaft 720 is engaged along its length with the distal support 910 a (FIGS. 10 and 12). The engagement may be any suitable rotatable engagement. In one embodiment, the lavatory central shaft 720 passes concentrically and rotatably through a cylindrical receiving shaft 950 at the apex 950 of the distal support 910 a. In one embodiment, the cylindrical receiving shaft 950 is welded to the apex of the distal main support 910 a. In another embodiment, a commercially available modified triangular main support is used. Suitable modified triangular main supports are manufactured from commercially available I-beams. In one embodiment, the hollow central shaft assists in providing air supply to the lavatory compartment by receiving air flow from a duct attached to the air supply plenum in the passenger compartment.

The operation of the lavatory module 20 will now be described. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 9, a passenger passes into a stationary lavatory entry 420 located at a distal end of the passenger bay module 10. Referring to FIG. 10, the stationary lavatory entry 420 communicates with the relavator 600. In one embodiment, a door is provided between the stationary lavatory entry and the relavator 600. In one embodiment, the door is a retractable door.

In one embodiment, the relavator 600 essentially comprises a rotating elevator that changes the passenger from a frame of reference of a non-rotating passenger bay module 10 to a rotating lavatory component 700. The relavator comprises a plurality of opposed pie-shaped relavator compartments 510 a, 510 b separated by intervening pie-shaped separators 610 a, 610 b. In one embodiment, the relavator 500 comprises two opposed pie-shaped relavator compartments 510 a, 510 b separated by two pie-shaped separators 610 a, 610 b. The pie-shaped separators 610 a, 610 b may be made of any suitable material. In one embodiment, the pie shaped separators are made of plastic, aluminum and carbon-epoxy composite. In one embodiment, the pie-shaped separators comprise interior designed and engineered honeycomb, fiberglass, and plastic assemblies commercially available from Composites Unlimited of Irvine, Calif.

The relavator 600 rotates in a counterclockwise direction until a the electric motor operating the relavator receives a signal to permit entry of a passenger. The signal may be a variety of signals. For example, the signal may be generated upon sensing the weight in the entry to the relavator, by verbal command of a passenger, by pressing a button, or upon any number of active or automatic signals. In one embodiment, the passenger presses a button to stop the relavator. In one embodiment, the electrical engine operating rotation of the relavator communicates with the apparatus receiving the signal to stop rotation of the relavator.

In operation, a passenger passes into a stationary entry 420 (FIG. 9), and a signal is generated to stop the relavator 600. The passenger passes into one of the relavator compartments 510 a or 510 b. The relavator 600 begins to rotate counterclockwise. The counterclockwise rotation of the relavator 600 continues until the relavator is rotating counterclockwise at the same speed as the lavatory component 700. At that point, the passenger is signaled to enter the lavatory component. The signal may be communicated in a variety of ways, including, for example, verbally, using a beep or other noise, or having a port open. In one embodiment, the passenger operates a suitable opening mechanism to open a port (not shown) into a lavatory compartment 710 a, 710 c.

The lavatory compartments 710 a, 710 b, 710 c may comprise a variety of amenities. With reference to lavatory compartment 710 a, each lavatory compartment comprises a sink 740 and a toilet 760. In one embodiment, the sink and toilet are located around the circumference of the lavatory compartment 710 a. In this embodiment, the rotation within the lavatory module 20 substantially replicates gravity, thereby assisting in maintaining fluids in the sink and/or toilet. In one embodiment, toilet 760 and the sink 740 are vacuum operated. Suitable vacuum operated toilets and sinks and are commercially available from a variety of sources, including Rogerson Aircraft Equipment Group of Irvine, Calif. In one embodiment, the lavatory compartment 700 comprises one or more water supply tank and one or more waste water tank (not shown). In one embodiment, the water supply tank(s) and the waste water tank(s) are plastic.

In one embodiment, a waste water supply tank is retained in a vacant compartment located between successive lavatory compartments. In one embodiment, a waste water tank is retained in the vacant compartment located between successive lavatory compartments.

In one embodiment, a waste water supply tank is retained in each vacant compartment located between successive lavatory compartments. In one embodiment, a waste water tank is retained in each vacant compartment located between successive lavatory compartments.

In one embodiment, the water supply tank(s) fluidly communicate with one or more sinks in one or more adjacent lavatory compartments. In one embodiment, a water supply tank(s) fluidly communicate with one or more toilets in one or more adjacent lavatory compartments.

In one embodiment, the waste water tank(s) fluidly communicate with one or more sinks in one or more adjacent lavatory compartments. In one embodiment, the waste water tank(s) fluidly communicate with one or more toilets in one more adjacent lavatory compartments.

In one embodiment, the water supply tank(s) are adapted to fluidly communicate with an external source of fresh water, when present. In one embodiment, the waste water tank(s) are adapted to fluidly communicate with an external waste water retention tank, when present. In one embodiment, the water supply tank(s) and the waste water tank(s) are adapted to fluidly communicate with an external source of fresh water and an external waste water retention tank at docking station(s).

When the passenger is finished using the lavatory facilities, the passenger moves back from the lavatory into the relavator. In one embodiment, the passenger operates a signal to notify the relavator to stop. Once the relavator compartment 510 a or 510 b is located adjacent to the passenger's lavatory compartment 710 a, the passenger leaves the lavatory compartment 710 a and enters the relavator compartment, for example, 510 a. The relavator 600 then stops rotating, positioning the relavator compartment 510 a adjacent to the stationary compartment 420. The passenger then exits the relavator 600 and the lavatory module 20.

In one embodiment, the counterweight compensator 800 comprises a round planar backing 814 and a circumferential wall 815 extending from the backing toward the passenger bay module to form a cup structure. In one embodiment, the wall 815 has a width, indicated by the arrow sufficient upon concentric engagement of the shafts 810, 720, and 620 to surround the lavatory module 700 and the relavator 600 around their circumference. In one embodiment, the wall has a width of 2.0 inch.

In one embodiment, the backing 814 and wall 815 of the counterweight compensator 800 may be constructed of a variety of materials. In one embodiment, backing and wall are constructed of alternating panels of carbon-epoxy composite. In one embodiment, the backing and wall are constructed of carbon-epoxy composite alternating with aluminum connectors. In one embodiment, the counterweight compensator is adapted to adjust components to compensate for inertia changes in the lavatory and relavator modules. In one embodiment, the counterweight compensator compensates for inertia along one axis. In one embodiment, the counterweight compensator compensates for inertia along two axes.

In one embodiment, the toilet is a vacuum flush toilet. Vacuum flush toilets are commonly used in passenger airplanes and do not require training for use. Suitable vacuum flush toilets are commercially available.

Life Support Systems and Integration

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 is provided with an Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). The ECLSS monitors and modulates a variety of parameters. In one embodiment, the ECLSS monitors one or more of the following parameters: cabin pressure; breathable oxygen levels; humidity levels; odors; and exhaled gases. In one embodiment, the ECLSS monitors all of the foregoing parameters. In one embodiment, exhaled gases monitored and modulated by the ECLSS include CO₂ levels. In one embodiment the ECLSS monitors and modulates nitrogen levels. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 8, the cylindrical casing 8 comprises one or more air ports 310 a, 310 b.

In one embodiment, the ECLSS units 402 are substantially the same as the Space Shuttle life support system units. Paragon Space Development Corporation Completes All Development Milestones on the NASA Commercial Crew development Program, Press Release, Ex. D.

Referring to FIG. 9, in one embodiment, the cylindrical casing comprises from 1 to 8 ECLSS units 402. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing comprises from 6 to about 8 units ECLSS units. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing comprises 8 ECLSS units. In one embodiment, the ECLSS units are commercially available from Paragon Systems Inc., Tucson, Ariz.

In the embodiment of FIG. 9, air supply and return headers are provided. The air supply and air return headers are ducts made of any suitable material. The ducts may have a variety of geometric structure, such as rectangular, triangular, cylindrical, and the like. In one embodiment, an air supply header and an air return header is provided on the port and starboard side in the service galley module.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 9, a port header air return 404 a and a port header air supply 408 a are provided. In one embodiment, starboard header air supply (not shown) and a starboard header air return 404 b are provided. The port and starboard air return headers 404 a, 404 b communicate with the ECLSS units. The ECLSS units purify and humidify the air, as needed. The purified humidified air is then circulated within the cylindrical capsule 8 via the port air supply header 408 a and the starboard air supply header (not shown). In one embodiment, the port and starboard air supply and/or air return headers are provided with shut off valves. The shut off valves may be actuated in an emergency to shut off air flow from the service galley 30 to the passenger bay module 10.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 9, a port thermal return wall 406 a (cutaway) and a starboard thermal return wall 406 are provided. In one embodiment, used air from the passenger bay module passes under the thermal return walls 406, 406 a between a lower end 407 of the thermal return walls and the substantially planar floor 50 (not shown).

At an upper end, the thermal return walls comprise a passenger bay air circulation duct 412. In one embodiment, air passes from the port air supply header 408 a and the starboard air supply header (not shown) through a proximal end of the passenger bay air circulation duct 412 and into the passenger bay module 10 through one or more openings in the passenger bay air circulation duct 412. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 9, the air passes from the passenger bay air circulation duct 412 through one or more openings 414 a, 414 b, 414 c and into the passenger bay module 10. The air circulates through the passenger bay module and under the thermal return walls 406, 406 a to the port air return header (not shown) and/or the starboard air return header 404 a. The air then passes to the ECCLS units, where it is purified and recirculated via the port air supply header 404 a and the starboard air supply header (not shown).

In one embodiment, the passenger bay air supply duct also communicates with one or more sleeper air supply duct 410. In one embodiment, one or more sleeper cabin air supply ducts 416 a-c extend from the sleeper air supply duct 410 directly to the sleeper cabins 202. In one embodiment, one sleeper air supply duct 410 is supplied to each sleeper cabin. In this embodiment, the air from the sleeper cabins is returned to the passenger bay module 10.

In one embodiment, the ECLSS maintains a pressure of about 14.7 psi and an air content of about 80% nitrogen/20% oxygen. In one embodiment, the air quality is maintained by passing the air in the closed system through canisters comprising metal hydroxide on a filter. The metal hydroxide may be a variety of materials including, for example, silver oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, or zinc oxide. In one embodiment, metal hydroxide is lithium hydroxide. In one embodiment, the filter has a pore size of from about 100 to about 500 microns. In one embodiment, the filter has a pore size of from about 200 to about 400 microns. In one embodiment, the filter has a pore size of about 300-microns. In one embodiment, the filter has a pore size of 300.

In one embodiment, the ECLSS performs from about 5 to about 15 air changes per hour. In one embodiment, the ECLSS performs from about 6 to about 14 air changes per hour. In one embodiment, the ECLSS performs from about 7 to about 13 air changes per hour. In one embodiment, the ECLSS performs from about 8 to about 14 air changes per hour. In one embodiment, the ECLSS performs from about 8 to about 10 air changes per hour. In one embodiment, the ECLSS performs approximately 8.5 air changes per hour. In one embodiment, the ECLSS performs 8.5 air changes per hour.

In one embodiment, the ECLSS provides air temperature control. In one embodiment, the ECLSS comprises a heat exchanger comprising plurality of independent loops effective to heat and/or cool the contained air. Suitable heat exchangers are commercially available from a variety of sources. In one embodiment, the heat exchanger is a component of Commercial Crew Transport-Air Revitalization System (CCT-ARS), commercially available from Paragon Systems of Tucson, Ariz.

In one embodiment, the ECLSS provides air humidity control. In one embodiment, the ECLSS comprises a heat exchanger slurper. The heat exchanger slurper adds moisture to or removes moisture from the air, as needed. Suitable heat exchanger slurpers are commercially available from a variety of sources. In one embodiment, the heat exchanger slurper is a component of CCT-ARS, commercially available from Paragon Systems of Tucson, Ariz.

In one embodiment, the ECLSS provides odor control. In one embodiment, the ECLSS comprises a charcoal filter. Suitable charcoal filters are commercially available from a variety of sources. In one embodiment, the charcoal filter is a component of CCT-ARS, commercially available from Paragon Systems of Tucson, Ariz.

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 communicates with an internal oxygen supply tank (not shown). In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing communicates with an oxygen supply tank external to the space shuttle. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing communicates with the oxygen supply for the crew of the SSP Orbital Vehicle.

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 communicates with the Atmospheric Revitalization System (ARS) of the SSP Orbital Vehicle.

In one embodiment, the life support system communicates with an oxygen supply tank internal to the passenger bay module. In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 communicates with the Atmospheric Revitalization System (ARS) of the SSP Orbital Vehicle as specified by the CORE Section 6.3.1 as a typical habitable Space Shuttle module.

Thermal Control

In one embodiment, a habitable temperature is maintained in the passenger bay module using any suitable thermal control system. In one embodiment, the thermal control system is a passive thermal control system. In one embodiment, heat or coolant is applied, as needed, at the interior and at the exterior of the passenger bay module by interfacing with the Space Shuttle Payload Active Cooling Kit (PACK) by flexible and rigid tubing segments as specified by CORE Section 3.3.5.2.1. In one embodiment, the passenger bay module will be separately insulated. In one embodiment, the interior of the passenger bay module is provided with insulation. Suitable insulation includes those described above. In on embodiment, the insulation modulates heat transfer. In one embodiment, the insulation provides acoustical damping.

Various Specifications

In one embodiment, the cylindrical casing 8 and a SPP orbital vehicle comprising a payload bay 7 (FIG. 1) loaded with the cylindrical cylinder 8. In one embodiment, the cylindrical cylinder meets Program Description and Requirements Baseline, Program Definition and Requirements, NSS 07700, Volume I, Revision G, (Dec. 17, 1997) (copy provided, incorporated herein by reference) (hereafter, the “Space Shuttle Program Base Requirements”).

In one embodiment, all welds in the cylindrical casing pass x-ray tests and level three fluorescent dye penetration tests, as described in the Space Shuttle Program Base Requirements. In one embodiment, the cylindrical cylinder 8 and a SPP orbital vehicle 2 comprising a payload bay loaded with the cylindrical casing 8 meet all of the structural, vibration, thermal, life support, and power systems specifications, as described in the Space Shuttle Program Base Requirements.

In one embodiment, the total weight of the cylindrical cylinder 8 and a SPP orbital vehicle 2 comprising a payload bay loaded with the cylindrical casing 8, including passengers and cargo, meets the weight specifications of the Space Shuttle Program Base Requirements. In one embodiment, the dry mass of the cylindrical cylinder 8 and a SPP orbital vehicle 2 comprising a payload bay loaded with the cylindrical casing 8, including passengers and cargo, meets the dry mass weight constraints of the Space Shuttle Program Base Requirements.

Example 1

A mass estimate was prepared for a cylindrical casing having the foregoing construction. The results are given in FIG. 13.

Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many modifications may be made to the foregoing description. The embodiments described herein are meant to be illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the invention, which will be defined in the claims. 

We claim:
 1. A Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital vehicle comprising a payload bay comprising a pressure vessel comprising a passenger bay module adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth.
 2. The SSP Orbital vehicle of claim 1 wherein the pressure vessel is adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for up to 44 passengers.
 3. The SSP Orbital vehicle of claim 1, the pressure vessel comprising a lavatory module.
 4. The SSP Orbital vehicle of claim 1 wherein the mission is a three day mission.
 5. The SSP Orbital vehicle of claim 1 comprising a number of sleeper cabins adapted to provide privacy, each sleeper cabin comprising from one to two passenger beds.
 6. A space shuttle system adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth, the space shuttle system comprising: a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital Vehicle comprising a payload bay comprising a cylindrical casing comprising a proximal end comprising an Orbital Docking System (ODS) and a distal end comprising a lavatory module, the ODS comprising a port adapted for exiting the SSP Orbital Vehicle; a first substantially planar floor extending longitudinally from the ODP to the lavatory module and dividing the cylindrical casing into a first substantially semicylindrical compartment extending to the lavatory module and a second substantially semicylindrical compartment extending from the lavatory module to a proximal end communicating with the ODP; the first substantially semicylindrical compartment comprising a passenger bay module wherein the first substantially planar floor comprises a plurality of seats adapted to seat twenty or more passengers, the passenger bay module comprising an upper surface comprising a plurality of sleeper cabins having a size sufficient for two persons to lay flat therein; the second semicylindrical compartment being adapted to maintain safe and habitable conditions for the twenty or more passengers in the passenger bay module during the mission.
 7. The space shuttle system of claim 6 comprising five sleeper cabins extending serially longitudinally from adjacent to the ODP to adjacent to the lavatory module.
 8. The space shuttle system of claim 6, wherein the space shuttle system is adapted to maintain habitable conditions for the twenty or more passengers in the passenger bay module during a three day mission.
 9. The space shuttle system of claim 6 wherein the payload bay further comprises a service galley communicating with the passenger bay module.
 10. The space shuttle system of claim 9 wherein the ODS comprises an Orbital Docking Port (ODP) communicating with the service galley at a proximal end, the service galley extending longitudinally from the ODP to lavatory module substantially parallel to and rotatably abutting the passenger bay module.
 11. The space shuttle system of claim 9 wherein the service galley comprises one or more of a flight attendant galley, a food and beverage preparation galley, a cargo hold, an access tunnel, one or more module subsystems, and mechanical systems.
 12. The space shuttle system of claim 11 wherein the mechanical systems comprise environmental control mechanical systems, life support systems, back up power systems, and combinations thereof.
 13. The space shuttle system of claim 1 wherein the passenger bay module comprises from twenty to forty four passenger seats.
 14. The space shuttle system of claim 1 wherein the passenger bay module has a total of forty-four passenger seats.
 15. The space shuttle system of claim 3 wherein the lavatory module comprises rotatable components comprising a lavatory component, the rotatable components being adapted to communicate with the passenger bay module to permit entry of a passenger into the lavatory component, the relative rotation of the rotatable components being adapted to produce sufficient centrifugal force in a lavatory component to replicate gravity.
 16. The space shuttle system of claim 15 wherein the lavatory component comprises a lavatory drum comprising a lavatory central shaft, the lavatory drum being adapted to continuously rotate around the lavatory central shaft in a counterclockwise direction at a speed effective to replicate gravity, the lavatory drum comprising a proximal lavatory wall, a distal lavatory wall, and a circumferential lavatory wall.
 17. The space shuttle system of claim 16 wherein the lavatory module further comprises: a relavator comprising a relavator central shaft extending longitudinally from the relevator toward the passenger bay module, the relevator comprising a plurality of substantially solid pie shaped structures, the substantially solid pie shaped structures comprising narrow internal ends communicating with the relavator central shaft and extending to wider circumferential relavator end surfaces, the pie shaped structures comprising substantially planar relavator distal surfaces, substantially planar relavator proximal surfaces, and lateral relavator surfaces substantially perpendicular to the substantially planar relavator distal and proximal surfaces, the lateral relevator surfaces defining pie-shaped compartments between the plurality of pie shaped structures, the substantially planar distal relavator surfaces rotatably abutting the proximal wall of the lavatory compartment, the relavator being adapted to rotate in a counterclockwise direction around the rotator central shaft up to the speed of the lavatory drum upon receiving a rotate signal and to stop upon receiving a stop signal; and, a counterweight compensator comprising a compensator central shaft extending longitudinally from the counterweight compensator toward the passenger bay module, the counterweight compensator being adapted to continuously rotate in a clockwise direction around the compensator central shaft, the counterweight compensator comprising a compensator backing and a compensator wall defining a proximally extending compensator cup, the compensator backing rotatably abutting the distal wall of the lavatory drum, the compensator cup extending proximally toward the passenger bay module and rotatably externally abutting the circumferential wall of the lavatory and a circumference of the relavator.
 18. The space shuttle system of claim 17 comprising a drive shaft assembly comprising: a stationary hollow central shaft having a distal end and a proximal end, the stationary hollow central shaft being concentrically nested within the compensator central shaft, the compensator central shaft being adapted to rotate with respect to the hollow central shaft; the relavator central shaft rotatably concentrically nested around the compensator central shaft; the lavatory central shaft rotatably concentrically nested around the relevator central shaft and within a supported stationary cylinder having a fixed position relative to the passenger bay module.
 19. The space shuttle system of claim 18 wherein: the distal end of the hollow central shaft is fixedly engaged with the cylindrical casing; and, the proximal end of the hollow central shaft is fixedly engaged relative to passenger bay module; and, the stationary cylinder is separately fixedly engaged relative to the passenger bay module.
 20. The space shuttle system of claim 9 wherein the service galley communicates with the passenger bay module via a second hatch in the first substantially planar floor.
 21. The space shuttle system of claim 20 wherein, when the first hatch and the second hatch are closed, the service galley is adapted to provide a safety zone to passengers in the service galley.
 22. The space shuttle system of claim 1 comprising one or more air purification systems communicating with one or more air supply ducts and one or more air return ducts communicating with the service galley and the passenger bay module.
 23. The space shuttle system of claim 22 wherein the one or more air supply ducts and the one or more air return ducts are adapted to shut off in the event of an emergency, and to recirculate air only within the service galley
 24. A method of providing and maintaining habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers in a SSP Orbital Vehicle during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth, the method comprising; securing twenty or more passengers in a plurality of seats in the passenger bay module of the space shuttle system of claim 1; launching the SSP Orbital Vehicle while the twenty or more passengers are secured in the passenger bay module; maintaining safe and habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers in the passenger bay during the mission, the mission comprising: launching the SSP Orbital vehicle from a take-off site on earth; transporting the SSP Orbital vehicle and the passengers in the passenger bay to a location in space; transporting the SSP Orbital vehicle and the passengers in the passenger bay back to earth; landing the SSP Orbital vehicle at a landing location on earth.
 25. The method of claim 24 comprising securing up to 44 passengers in the passenger bay module.
 26. The method of claim 24 wherein the mission is a three day mission.
 27. A method for adapting a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital vehicle to transport and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers and crew during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth, the method comprising loading a payload bay with a pressure vessel comprising a passenger bay module adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth.
 28. The method of claim 27 comprising providing the pressure vessel adapted to provide and maintain habitable conditions for up to 44 passengers.
 29. The method of claim 26 comprising providing the pressure vessel with a lavatory module.
 30. The method of claim 26 comprising providing the passenger bay module with a number of sleeper cabins adapted to provide privacy, each sleeper cabin comprising from one to two passenger beds.
 31. A method for adapting a Space Shuttle Program (SSP) Orbital Vehicle to transport and maintain habitable conditions for twenty or more passengers and crew during a mission traveling from earth to space and back to earth, the method comprising: providing the SSP Orbital Vehicle comprising a payload bay; loading the payload bay with a cylindrical casing comprising a proximal end comprising an Orbital Docking System (ODS) and a distal end comprising a lavatory module, the ODS comprising a port adapted for exiting the SSP Orbital Vehicle; providing the cylindrical casing with a first substantially planar floor extending longitudinally from the ODP to the lavatory module and dividing the cylindrical casing into a first substantially semicylindrical compartment extending to a lavatory module and a second substantially semicylindrical compartment comprising a proximal end communicating with the ODP; adapting the first substantially semicylindrical compartment to comprises a first substantially planar floor comprising a plurality of seats adapted to seat twenty or more passengers, producing a passenger bay module comprising an upper surface comprising a plurality of sleeper cabins having a size sufficient for two persons to lay flat therein; adapting the second semicylindrical compartment to maintain safe and habitable conditions for the twenty or more passengers in the passenger bay module during the mission.
 32. A lavatory module comprising: lavatory elements comprising a substantially cylindrical counterweight compensator comprising a central shaft and a counterweight distal wall extending from the central shaft to a circumference of the substantially cylindrical counterweight, the counterweight distal wall being independently rotatable relative to a lavatory distal wall of a substantially cylindrical lavatory component, the lavatory elements being adapted to rotate in opposite directions around the central shaft at relative speeds adapted to produce centrifugal force in the lavatory component effective to replicate gravity; the lavatory components each being adapted to receive a rotate signal and a stop signal.
 33. A relavator adapted to permit a passenger to enter a rotating cylinder, the relavator comprising: a plurality of substantially solid pie shaped structures separated by a plurality of pie shaped compartments; a relavator central shaft extending longitudinally substantially perpendicular to the relavator; the relavator being adapted to receive a rotate signal and a stop signal; the relavator being adapted to rotate in a counterclockwise direction around the rotator central shaft upon receiving a rotate signal and to stop rotating upon receiving a stop signal. 